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The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) were introduced in Japan in 2008 and 2010, respectively. In 2011, immunization with these two vaccines was encouraged throughout Japan through a governmental program. Children treated in Chiba prefecture for culture-proven invasive H. influenzae disease (IHiD) and invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae...
Although retaining antigens at the injection site (the so-called “depot effect”) is an important strategy for vaccine development, increasing evidence showed that lymphatic-targeted vaccine delivery with liposomes could be a promising approach for improving vaccine efficacy. However, it remains unclear whether antigen depot or lymphatic targeting would benefit long-term immunological memory, a major...
Multiple different hemagglutinin (HA) protein antigens have been reproducibly manufactured at the 650L scale by Protein Sciences Corporation (PSC) based on an insect cell culture with baculovirus infection. Significantly, these HA protein antigens were produced by the same Universal Manufacturing process as described in the biological license application (BLA) for the first recombinant influenza vaccine...
The intranasal use of rintatolimod, a specific TLR-3 agonist, combined with trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine generated cross-protection against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in mice. The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the safety and impact of rintatolimod on intranasal influenza vaccine in healthy adults. During Stage I of this Phase I/II clinical trial, 12 volunteers were...
In the United States, Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) are safety-net clinics that provide cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to medically underserved women, some of whom may be at risk for developing cervical cancer. National guidelines recommend against using screening test results or sexual history to determine vaccine eligibility. Documenting HPV vaccine...
Timely vaccination, i.e., the receipt of all scheduled vaccinations in an age-appropriate fashion, is critical for the prevention of deadly diseases in infants and achievement of the UN Millennium Development Goal to reduce infant mortality. Infants, especially in rural or underprivileged settings often receive delayed vaccinations leaving them susceptible to vaccine-preventable illnesses early in...
Since the identification of canine parvovirus type 2, three variants have subsequently been observed differing from the historical CPV-2 and each other by 1–2 amino acids only. As a result there has been considerable research into differential diagnostics, with some researchers indicating there is a need for new vaccines containing different strains of CPV-2.In this study we investigated whether vaccination...
Immunotherapeutic vaccines to drugs of abuse, including nicotine, cocaine, heroin, oxycodone, methamphetamine, and others are being developed. The theoretical basis of such vaccines is to induce antibodies that sequester the drug in the blood in the form of antibody-bound drug that cannot cross the blood brain barrier, thereby preventing psychoactive effects. Because the drugs are haptens a successful...
To ensure that developing countries have the option to produce inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has promoted the development of an IPV using Sabin poliovirus strains (Sabin IPV). This trial assessed the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of Sabin IPV and adjuvanted Sabin IPV in healthy adults in Cuba.This is a randomized, controlled phase I trial, enrolling...
Immunisation of children with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) may affect the bacterial-ecology of the nasopharynx, including colonisation by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of infant PCV-immunisation on the nasopharyngeal ecology of these potentially pathogenic bacteria in a rural African setting.Two...
Over the last years West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 has spread from the African to the European continent. This study was conducted to demonstrate efficacy of an inactivated, lineage 1-based, WNV vaccine (Equip ® WNV) against intrathecal challenge of horses with a recent isolate of lineage 2 WNV. Twenty horses, sero-negative for WNV, were enrolled and were randomly allocated to one of two...
The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) is a collaborative project between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 9 health care organizations. Established in 1990, VSD is a vital resource informing policy makers and the public about the safety of vaccines used in the United States. Large linked databases are used to identify and evaluate adverse events in over 9 million individuals annually...
A prototype H7 influenza vaccine constructed based on the H7N7 outbreak in 2003 was tested for the protective efficacy against the novel H7N9 virus in a lethal murine challenge model. Serum samples from vaccinated mice showed significant neutralizing activity against the H7N9 virus and the mice were completely protected with no significant weight loss. The results have direct implications on how to...
The incidence of vaccine-preventable-disease is increasing. Current practice guidelines recommend annual influenza vaccination for all inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.Using the Business Objects database of Clalit Health Services in the Tel Aviv district we identified all patients over 18 years-old with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) on 31.12.05. This cohort was followed until 31...
Vaxtracker is a web based survey for active post marketing surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunisation. It is designed to efficiently monitor vaccine safety of new vaccines by early signal detection of serious adverse events. The Vaxtracker system automates contact with the parents or carers of immunised children by email and/or sms message to their smart phone. A hyperlink on the email...
Pneumonia is the leading killer of children and disproportionately affects developing countries. Vaccination campaigns against Streptococcus pneumoniae, the leading cause of pneumonia, have recently been launched with a new conjugate vaccine in Africa. Using a mouse model, we assessed the potential role that the high burden of helminth infections in the countries targeted for vaccine might have on...
In 2009, national guidelines for hepatitis A control in Australia changed to recommend hepatitis A vaccine (HAV), instead of normal human immune globulin (NHIG), for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).(1) Determine whether the uptake of PEP among contacts of hepatitis A cases changed after the introduction of the new guidelines, and (2) assess the field effectiveness of the HAV used as PEP in preventing...
Efficacy trials of preventive hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine candidates raise challenging scientific and ethical issues. Based on data from the first 3years of a community-based prospective observational study – the Hepatitis C Incidence and Transmission Study-community (HITS-c) – this paper examines the feasibility of conducting trials of candidate HCV vaccines with people who inject drugs (PWID)...
The use of intradermal vaccination or virosomal vaccines could increase protection against influenza among the vulnerable population of older adults. Studies assessing the comparative effectiveness of these two influenza vaccine types in this age group are lacking.We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate the comparative effectiveness of intradermal seasonal trivalent-influenza vaccine...
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